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H., Karpiel, A

Klausen MK, Jensen ME, Mller M, Le Dous N, Jensen A-M, Zeeman VA, et al

HbA1c: Below 5.7% What it means: Normal blood sugar Typical action: Continue current lifestyle HbA1c: 5.7% - 6.4% What it means: Prediabetes range Typical action: Lifestyle changes, monitoring HbA1c: 6.5% - 7.0% What it means: Diabetes, good control Typical action: Maintain current treatment HbA1c: Above 7.0% What it means: Diabetes, needs improvement Typical action: Medication adjustment needed Every 1% reduction in HbA1c can reduce diabetes complications risk by up to 40% (CDC 2024)

namely, its short half-life of around seven minutes