According to the World Health Organization's view on tobacco, it is one of the biggest public health threats the world has ever faced. Tobacco kills up to half of its users, and when including secondhand smoke kills more than 8 million people per year
A clinician or health payer can easily depict smoking-related disease as self-inflicted, similar to alcohol and liver disease or poor diet and obesity and thus punitively restrict access to certain treatment options for these patients accordingly
Emphysema, COPD, and lung cancer are among the lung disorders made more likely by smoking
Late sequelae of superficial frostbite include cold hypersensitivity (53%), numbness (40%), decreased sensation (33%), and impaired ability to work (13%)
Complications such as obstruction of the intestines and involvement of neighboring tissues by intestinal mucosal ulceration may arise from Crohn's disease