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And so at the population level, what matters is patterns of actual use." The potential for heated tobacco products to reduce harm depends greatly on whether users transition entirely away from smoking or use them as only a partial substitute

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Good model fit is determined by an RMSEA less than 0.08, chi-square to degrees-of-freedom (df) ratio less than 5, and values of GFI and TLI greater than 0.90

This widely accepted, precise, and generic instrument for self-reported physical and mental health measures was introduced by EuroQol 17,20

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