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Conclusions and prospective views In recognition of the pleiotropic actions of gastrointestinal hormones in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, exogenous peptides or mimetics (e.g., GLP-1 receptor agonists and GLP-1/GIP dual receptor agonists) are under rapid development within the pharmaceutical industry to better manage both type 2 diabetes and obesity

In addition, leukocytes secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which degrade the ECM

Berghe TV, Linkermann A, Jouan-Lanhouet S, Walczak H, Vandenabeele P

doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00108 244 GejlMBrockBEgefjordLVangKRungbyJGjeddeA

Compared to the active state, ECL1 moves toward helix I by 5 when measured at the N-terminal tip of the helix (C of Q211), and ECL1 residue W214 is reoriented ~180 o from an outside-facing position to a position pointing towards helix I